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18 guides on Physical AI.
What is Map Matching? GPS Traces, Methods and Examples
Map matching places each GPS record on the road a vehicle drove. How it works, nearest-road snapping vs hidden Markov models, and a test on Ann Arbor drives.
What is Geospatial Intelligence? GEOINT Defined, Examples
Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) analyzes imagery and map data to describe activity on earth. Definition, history, examples, and a New Orleans walkthrough.
What is Ground Truth Data? Meaning and How to Check AI
Ground truth is information collected by direct observation at a known place and time, used as the reference standard to calibrate sensors, assess map accuracy, and train AI models. Its uses, its challenges, and how to score a model against it, with ESA WorldCover checked against 198,550 LUCAS field observations.
What is a World Model? How AI Predicts the Physical World
A world model is an AI model that predicts what happens next from the current situation and an action, so an agent can test a move before it makes one. How world models work, the main types and examples, how agents learn inside them, and how Wherobots prepares and checks the drive recordings they learn from.
What is a Context Engine? Why Physical World Data Needs One
A context engine is the system that computes, stores, and serves the context AI models and agents receive. How it works, examples, and why physical world data needs one that computes spatial relations.
What is Context Engineering for Physical AI?
Context engineering is choosing what an AI model receives at each step. How it works, how it compares to RAG, and what changes when the context is real places.
What is an Ontology? Definition, Parts, Spatial Ontologies
An ontology is a formal model of the things in a domain and how they relate. Its parts, how it differs from a taxonomy or knowledge graph, and what makes one spatial.
What is the Havasu Catalog? A Spatial Data Catalog
The Havasu Catalog is the Wherobots spatial data catalog: open geospatial datasets, RasterFlow models, notebooks, and apps, stored as Apache Iceberg tables and queryable in place with spatial SQL.
What is Satellite Imagery Analysis? AI, Tasks, Uses
Satellite imagery analysis turns satellite and aerial pixels into maps, counts, and alerts. The computer vision tasks, the data, and how AI runs them at scale.
What is Sentinel-2? Bands, Resolution, Data Access, Uses
Sentinel-2 is the Copernicus optical satellite mission that images Earth's land and coasts in 13 spectral bands at 10 to 60 m every five days. Its bands, resolution, products, free data access, and uses.
What is Stochastic Modeling? Definition, Types, Examples
Stochastic modeling simulates thousands of possible outcomes from random variables. How it works, stochastic vs deterministic, Monte Carlo, and how cat models use it.
What is Physical AI? Definition, Examples, How It Works
Physical AI is artificial intelligence that perceives, reasons about, and acts in the physical world: robots, autonomous vehicles, drones, world models, and Earth-scale models.
