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18 guides on Earth Observation.
What is Geospatial Intelligence? GEOINT Defined, Examples
Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) analyzes imagery and map data to describe activity on earth. Definition, history, examples, and a New Orleans walkthrough.
What is Ground Truth Data? Meaning and How to Check AI
Ground truth is information collected by direct observation at a known place and time, used as the reference standard to calibrate sensors, assess map accuracy, and train AI models. Its uses, its challenges, and how to score a model against it, with ESA WorldCover checked against 198,550 LUCAS field observations.
What is a World Model? How AI Predicts the Physical World
A world model is an AI model that predicts what happens next from the current situation and an action, so an agent can test a move before it makes one. How world models work, the main types and examples, how agents learn inside them, and how Wherobots prepares and checks the drive recordings they learn from.
What is Satellite Imagery Analysis? AI, Tasks, Uses
Satellite imagery analysis turns satellite and aerial pixels into maps, counts, and alerts. The computer vision tasks, the data, and how AI runs them at scale.
What is Land Cover Classification? Classes and Data
Land cover classification labels every part of the Earth's surface by what covers it, such as water, forest, crops, or pavement. The classes, the datasets, and how to map change.
What is Sentinel-2? Bands, Resolution, Data Access, Uses
Sentinel-2 is the Copernicus optical satellite mission that images Earth's land and coasts in 13 spectral bands at 10 to 60 m every five days. Its bands, resolution, products, free data access, and uses.
What is Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)? Bands, Data, Uses
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images the ground with microwaves, day or night, through cloud. How SAR works, its bands, products, and data sources.
What is NDVI? Formula, Values, and Uses
NDVI, the normalized difference vegetation index, measures how green and dense vegetation is from red and near-infrared light. The formula, what the values mean, and how to calculate it.
What is Physical AI? Definition, Examples, How It Works
Physical AI is artificial intelligence that perceives, reasons about, and acts in the physical world: robots, autonomous vehicles, drones, world models, and Earth-scale models.
What is Landsat? Satellites, Bands, Data Access
Landsat is the joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and NASA Earth observation program that has imaged the Earth's land surface continuously since July 1972. It is the longest record of its kind. Landsat 8 and 9 image every land pixel every 8 days, with 30 m color and infrared bands and 100 m thermal bands. […]
What is Hyperspectral Imaging? vs Multispectral
Hyperspectral imaging records a continuous spectrum for every pixel. A typical sensor records 200 to 450 narrow bands, each 5 to 10 nanometers wide, across visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared light. Multispectral imagery records 3 to 15 broad bands. The narrow bands let analysts identify minerals, crops, and gases by their absorption features, the wavelengths […]
What is the HRRR Model? NOAA Rapid Refresh Forecast
The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model is a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It runs every hour on a 3 km grid over the contiguous United States, with an Alaska domain every three hours. Each run starts from the latest radar, satellite, aircraft, and surface observations and […]
